Finite Temperature Closed Superstring Theory

TL;DR

This paper explores the thermodynamics of various superstring theories at finite temperature, revealing phase transitions, dualities, and the importance of gauge fields for stability and consistency.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the thermal behavior of IIA, IIB, and heterotic superstrings, highlighting phase transitions and the conditions for tachyon-free, stable spectra.

Findings

IIA and IIB strings undergo a phase transition at the self-dual temperature.

Heterotic strings with Wilson lines have a stable, tachyon-free ground state at all temperatures.

Gauge fields are essential for a consistent, stable superstring thermodynamics.

Abstract

We find that the gas of IIA strings undergoes a phase transition into a gas of IIB strings at the self-dual temperature. A gas of free heterotic strings undergoes a Kosterlitz-Thouless duality transition with positive free energy and positive specific heat but vanishing internal energy at criticality. We examine the consequences of requiring a tachyon-free thermal string spectrum. We show that in the absence of Ramond-Ramond fluxes the IIA and IIB string ensembles are thermodynamically ill-defined. The 10D heterotic superstrings have nonabelian gauge fields and in the presence of a temperature dependent Wilson line background are found to share a stable and tachyon-free ground state at all temperatures starting from zero with gauge group SO(16)xSO(16). The internal energy of the heterotic string is a monotonically increasing function of temperature with a stable and supersymmetric zero temperature limit. Our results point to the necessity of gauge fields in a viable weakly coupled superstring theory. Note Added (Sep 2005).