Scalar gravitational waves and Einstein frame
S. Bellucci, V. Faraoni, D. Babusci

TL;DR
This paper investigates how scalar gravitational waves interact with detectors within scalar-tensor theories, highlighting differences between Einstein and Jordan frames and revealing a longitudinal mode in the Einstein frame due to non-metricity.
Contribution
It demonstrates the impact of conformal frame choice on scalar wave detection and identifies a novel longitudinal mode in the Einstein frame caused by non-metricity.
Findings
Detection response differs between Einstein and Jordan frames.
A longitudinal mode appears in the Einstein frame due to non-metricity.
Modification to geodesic deviation affects scalar wave detection.
Abstract
The response of a gravitational wave detector to scalar waves is analysed in the framework of the debate on the choice of conformal frames for scalar-tensor theories. A correction to the geodesic equation arising in the Einstein conformal frame modifies the geodesic deviation equation. This modification is due to the non-metricity of the theory in the Einstein frame, yielding a longitudinal mode that is absent in the Jordan conformal frame.
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