QCD Confinement and Theta Vacuum: Dynamical Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

TL;DR

This paper proposes that dynamical spontaneous symmetry breaking (DSSB) resolves key issues in QCD, such as confinement and the  vacuum, by gluon condensation, leading to hadron formation and explaining observed symmetry violations and baryon asymmetry.

Contribution

It introduces a novel DSSB mechanism involving gluon condensation to explain confinement,  vacuum, and hadron mass generation in QCD.

Findings

Massive gluons lead to Yukawa potential and hadron formation.

Explicit evidence of discrete symmetry breaking during DSSB.

Estimates of baryon asymmetry and neutron electric dipole moment.

Abstract

This study proposes that the longstanding problems of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) as an SU(3)_C gauge theory, the confinement mechanism and \Theta vacuum, can be resolved by dynamical spontaneous symmetry breaking (DSSB) through the condensation of singlet gluons and quantum nucleardynamics (QND) as an SU(2)_N x U(1)_Z gauge theory is produced. The confinement mechanism is the result of massive gluons and the Yukawa potential provides hadron formation. The evidences for the breaking of discrete symmetries (C, P, T, CP) during DSSB appear explicitly: baryons and mesons without their parity partners, the conservation of vector current and the partial conservation of the axial vector current, the baryon asymmetry \delta_B \simeq 10^{-10}, and the neutron electric dipole moment \Theta < 10^{-9}. Hadron mass generation mechanism is suggested in terms of DSSB due to the \Theta vacuum.