Particle creation via relaxing hypermagnetic knots

TL;DR

This paper shows that fermion particle production occurs through level crossing in the presence of hypermagnetic knots, using recent findings on Dirac zero modes to explain the microscopic mechanism.

Contribution

It introduces a novel microscopic explanation for fermion particle production via level crossing in hypermagnetic knot backgrounds.

Findings

Particle production is driven by level crossing in hypermagnetic fields.

Zero modes of Dirac operators are key to understanding the process.

Hypermagnetic knots facilitate fermion creation through topological effects.

Abstract

We demonstrate that particle production for fermions coupled chirally to an Abelian gauge field like the hypercharge field is provided by the microscopic mechanism of level crossing. For this purpose we use recent results on zero modes of Dirac operators for a class of localized hypermagnetic knots.