Microscopic Pictures of Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in Supersymmetric $SU(n_c)$, $USp(2n_c)$ and $SO(n_c)$ Theories

TL;DR

This paper explores various mechanisms of confinement and dynamical symmetry breaking in supersymmetric gauge theories, revealing how monopole condensation and magnetic quark dynamics lead to different phases and symmetry-breaking patterns.

Contribution

It provides a detailed microscopic analysis of confinement and DSB mechanisms across different vacua in supersymmetric $SU(n_c)$, $USp(2n_c)$, and $SO(n_c)$ theories, including new insights into superconformal and free-magnetic phases.

Findings

Magnetic monopoles with flavor quantum numbers condense, causing confinement and symmetry breaking.

Magnetic quarks emerge as effective degrees of freedom, leading to confinement and DSB.

Identification of vacua in superconformal and free-magnetic phases.

Abstract

Several distinct mechanisms of confinement and dynamical symmetry breaking (DSB) are identified, in a class of supersymmetric $SU(n_c)$, $USp(2n_c)$ and $SO(n_c)$ gauge theories. In some of the vacua, the magnetic monopoles carrying nontrivial flavor quantum numbers condense, causing confinement and symmetry breaking simultaneously. In more general classes of vacua, however, the effective low-energy degrees of freedom are found to be constituents of the monopoles - dual (magnetic) quarks. These magnetic quarks condense and give rise to confinement and DSB. We find two more important classes of vacua, one is in various universality classes of nontrivial superconformal theories (SCFT), another in free-magnetic phase.