Dynamical Symmetry Breaking and Magnetic Confinement in QCD

TL;DR

This paper introduces a gauge-independent method to compute the one-loop effective action in QCD, demonstrating dynamical symmetry breaking via monopole condensation, which supports magnetic confinement of color in non-Abelian gauge theories.

Contribution

It provides a novel gauge-independent approach to analyze the effective action in QCD and offers evidence for monopole-induced symmetry breaking and magnetic confinement.

Findings

Effective potential develops a stable monopole-condensed vacuum.

Supports the dual Meissner effect as a mechanism for confinement.

Separates topological monopole degrees from dynamical gauge fields.

Abstract

We present a gauge independent method to construct the effective action of QCD, and calculate the one loop effective action of $SU(2)$ QCD in an arbitrary constant background field. Our result establishes the existence of a dynamical symmetry breaking by demonstrating that the effective potential develops a unique and stable vacuum made of the monopole condensation in one loop approximation. This provides a strong evidence for the magnetic confinement of color through the dual Meissner effect in the non-Abelian gauge theory. The result is obtained by separating the topological degrees which describe the non-Abelian monopoles from the dynamical degrees of the gauge potential, and integrating out all the dynamical degrees of QCD. We present three independent arguments to support our result.