Light as Caused by Neither by Bound States nor by Neutrinos

TL;DR

This paper argues that light is not caused by bound states or neutrinos, based on quantum induction theory, which predicts gauge invariance and other physical consequences, but concludes photons cannot be bound states.

Contribution

It demonstrates that photons cannot be bound states within the framework of quantum induction, challenging old neutrino-based theories of light.

Findings

Photons are not bound states according to the theory.

Quantum induction predicts gauge invariance and physical consequences.

Maxwell's potential contains all Dirac fields except neutrinos.

Abstract

Participants of this workshop pursue the old Neutrino Theory of Light vigorously. Other physicists have long ago abandoned it, because it lacks gauge invariance. In the recent Quantum Induction (QI), all basic Bose fields ${\mathcal B}^{P}$ are local limits of quantum fields composed of Dirac's $\Psi$ (for leptons and quarks). The induced field equations of QI even determine all the interactions of those ${\mathcal B}^{P}$. Thus a precise gauge invariance and other physical consequences are unavoidable. They include the absence of divergencies, the exclusion of Pauli terms, a prediction of the Higgs mass and a `minimal' Quantum Gravity. As we find in this paper, however, photons can't be bound states while Maxwell's potential $A_{\mu}$ contains all basic Dirac fields except those of neutrinos.