Geometry of Orientifolds with NS-NS B-flux

TL;DR

This paper explores the geometric and physical effects of NS-NS B-flux on orientifolds, including gauge group reduction, T-duality subtleties, and implications for K3 and four-dimensional models, highlighting new consistency conditions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of orientifolds with B-flux, revealing new effects on gauge groups, T-duality, and model consistency, and constructs novel four-dimensional models.

Findings

B-flux reduces gauge group rank via non-commuting Wilson lines.

T-duality with B-flux involves subtle effects and qualitative differences.

Certain K3 orientifolds with B-flux are inconsistent due to twisted flux and orientifold plane configurations.

Abstract

We discuss geometry underlying orientifolds with non-trivial NS-NS B-flux. If D-branes wrap a torus with B-flux the rank of the gauge group is reduced due to non-commuting Wilson lines whose presence is implied by the B-flux. In the case of D-branes transverse to a torus with B-flux the rank reduction is due to a smaller number of D-branes required by tadpole cancellation conditions in the presence of B-flux as some of the orientifold planes now have the opposite orientifold projection. We point out that T-duality in the presence of B-flux is more subtle than in the case with trivial B-flux, and it is precisely consistent with the qualitative difference between the aforementioned two setups. In the case where both types of branes are present, the states in the mixed (e.g., 59) open string sectors come with a non-trivial multiplicity, which we relate to a discrete gauge symmetry due to non-zero B-flux, and construct vertex operators for the the mixed sector states. Using these results we revisit K3 orientifolds with B-flux (where K3 is a T^4/Z_M orbifold) and point out various subtleties arising in some of these models. For instance, in the Z_2 case the conformal field theory orbifold does not appear to be the consistent background for the corresponding orientifolds with B-flux. This is related to the fact that non-zero B-flux requires the presence of both O5^- as well as O5^+ planes at various Z_2 orbifold fixed points, which appears to be inconsistent with the presence of the twisted B-flux in the conformal field theory orbifold. We also consider four dimensional N=2 and N=1 supersymmetric orientifolds. We construct consistent four dimensional models with B-flux which do not suffer from difficulties encountered in the K3 cases.