Bound states in the three dimensional phi^4 model

TL;DR

This paper investigates the spectrum of the three-dimensional phi^4 model in the broken symmetry phase, providing evidence for bound states and relating them to glueball states in the gauge Ising model.

Contribution

It offers theoretical and numerical evidence for bound states in the 3D phi^4 theory and links these states to glueballs via duality in the gauge Ising model.

Findings

Existence of bound states in the broken symmetry phase

Bound states correspond to glueball states in the gauge Ising model

Duality establishes a one-to-one correspondence between these states

Abstract

We discuss the spectrum of the three dimensional phi^4 theory in the broken symmetry phase. In this phase the effective potential between the elementary quanta of the model is attractive and bound states of two or more of them may exist. We give theoretical and numerical evidence for the existence of these bound states. Looking in particular at the Ising model realization of the phi^4 theory we show, by using duality, that these bound states are in one-to-one correspondence with the glueball states of the gauge Ising model. We discuss some interesting consequences of this identification.