Pion-nucleon scattering and the nucleon sigma term in an extended sigma model

TL;DR

This paper discusses an extended linear sigma model that improves agreement with experimental pion-nucleon scattering data and explores the nucleon sigma term, showing it can be large without strange quark content.

Contribution

The paper introduces an extended sigma model that satisfies low-energy theorems and aligns better with experimental scattering lengths, also analyzing the nucleon sigma term within this framework.

Findings

Improved agreement with experimental isospin symmetric $\pi N$ scattering length.

Nucleon sigma term is identical in both models and can be large without strange quark content.

Reproduces lowest-order chiral perturbation theory Lagrangian.

Abstract

A modified linear sigma model that allows for $g_A = 1.26$ by addition of vector and pseudovector $\pi N$ coupling terms was discussed by Bjorken and Nauenberg and by Lee. In this extended linear sigma model the elastic $\pi $N scattering amplitudes satisfy the relevant chiral low-energy theorems, such as the Weinberg-Tomozawa relation for the isovector scattering length and in some cases Adler's "consistency condition". The agreement of the isospin symmetric $\pi N$ scattering length with experiment is substantially improved in this extended sigma model as compared with the original one. We show that the nucleon sigma term ($\Sigma_N$) in the linear- and the extended sigma models with three different kinds of chiral symmetry breaking terms are identical. Within the tree approximation the formal operator expression for the $\Sigma_N$ term and the value extracted from the $\pi N$ scattering matrix coincide. Large values of $\Sigma_N$ are easily obtained without any $s\bar s$ content of the nucleon. Using chiral rotations the Lagrangian of this extended sigma model reproduces the lowest-order $\pi N$ chiral perturbation theory Lagrangian.