Superstring Theory and CP- Violating Phases: Can They Be Related?

TL;DR

This paper explores how superstring models can naturally produce large CP-violating phases while satisfying experimental bounds on electric dipole moments through cancellations, with implications for different string theory frameworks.

Contribution

It demonstrates that nonuniversal gaugino masses in superstring models can allow large CP-violating phases compatible with experimental constraints, especially in Type I string models.

Findings

Nonuniversal gaugino phases facilitate EDM cancellations.

Universal gaugino masses restrict parameter space.

Type I models can naturally produce large CP phases.

Abstract

We investigate the possibility of large CP- violating phases in the soft breaking terms derived in superstring models. The bounds on the electric dipole moments (EDM's) of the electron and neutron are satisfied through cancellations occuring because of the structure of the string models. Three general classes of four-dimensional string models are considered: (i) orbifold compactifications of perturbative heterotic string theory, (ii) scenarios based on Ho\v{r}ava-Witten theory, and (iii) Type I string models (Type IIB orientifolds). Nonuniversal phases of the gaugino mass parameters greatly facilitate the necessary cancellations among the various contributions to the EDM's; in the overall modulus limit, the gaugino masses are universal at tree level in both the perturbative heterotic models and the Ho\v{r}ava-Witten scenarios, which severely restricts the allowed regions of parameter space. Nonuniversal gaugino masses do arise at one-loop in the heterotic orbifold models, providing for corners of parameter space with ${\cal O}(1)$ phases consistent with the phenomenological bounds. However, there is a possibility of nonuniversal gaugino masses at tree level in the Type I models, depending on the details of the embedding of the SM into the D- brane sectors. We find that in a minimal model with a particular embedding of the Standard Model gauge group into two D- brane sectors, viable large phase solutions can be obtained over a wide range of parameter space.