The World as a Dual Josephson Junction

TL;DR

This paper explores how gauge fields can be localized on hypersurfaces in higher-dimensional space-time using a dual Josephson junction analogy, leading to weak confinement effects on the surface.

Contribution

It introduces a field-theoretical mechanism for gauge field localization that models the surface as a dual Josephson junction, revealing confinement phenomena.

Findings

Surface gauge theories exhibit weak confinement with linear potential.

The mechanism applies to (2+1)-dimensional surfaces in (3+1)-dimensional bulk.

Relevance to higher-dimensional models with extra dimensions.

Abstract

We examine some of the implications of the field-theoretical mechanism for the localization of gauge fields on hypersurfaces in higher-dimensional bulk space-time. This mechanism exploits the analogy between confinement and dual superconductivity. In the simplest case of a photon localized on a (2+1)-dimensional surface in a (3+1)-dimensional bulk, we argue that the system behaves like a dual Josephson junction. This implies that the effective gauge theory on the surface is not free, but displays weak confinement with a linear potential. We comment on the relevance of our results for the realistic case of a (3+1)-dimensional surface in a space-time with one or more extra dimensions.