Preons, Dark Matter and the Production of Early Cosmological Structures

TL;DR

This paper explores how preon-based models could explain the formation of cosmological structures and dark matter, emphasizing phase transitions and the role of particle generations in the early universe.

Contribution

It proposes a mechanism linking preon condensates and phase transitions to dark matter structuring and baryon formation, highlighting the importance of multiple particle generations.

Findings

Dark matter contains hot and cold components from pseudogoldstone bosons.

Two relativistic phase transitions led to dark matter structuration.

At least three particle generations are necessary for matter structuration.

Abstract

If the preon structure of quarks, leptons and gauge bosons will be proved then in the Universe during relativistic phase transition the production of nonperturbative preon condensates has been occured collective excitations of which are perceived as pseudogoldstone bosons. Dark matter consisting of pseudogoldstone bosons of familon type contains a "hot" component from massless particles and a "cold" (nonrelativistic) component from massive particles. It is shown that such dark matter was undergone to two relativistic phase transitions temperatures of which were different. In the result of these phase transitions the structurization of dark matter and therefore the baryon subsystem has taken place. Besides, the role of particle generations in the Universe become more evident. For the possibility of structurization of matter as minimum three generations of particles are necessary.