Isospin Violation in ${\bf B\to \pi\pi}$ Decays

TL;DR

This paper investigates how isospin violation, due to quark mass differences and electroweak effects, impacts the extraction of the CKM angle alpha from B to pi pi decays, highlighting potential errors in the analysis.

Contribution

It analyzes the effects of isospin symmetry breaking on the determination of alpha from B to pi pi decays, emphasizing the significance of quark mass differences.

Findings

Isospin violation can cause significant errors in sin 2 alpha estimates.

Quark mass differences lead to pi0-eta, eta' mixing affecting isospin analysis.

Neglecting isospin breaking may result in inaccuracies if sin 2 alpha is small.

Abstract

An isospin analysis of $B\to \pi\pi$ decays yields $\sin 2\alpha$, where $\alpha$ is the usual CKM angle $\alpha\equiv {\rm arg} [-V_{td} V_{tb}^\ast/(V_{ud}V_{ub}^\ast)]$ without hadronic uncertainty if isospin is a perfect symmetry. Yet isospin symmetry is broken not only by electroweak effects but also by the $u$ and $d$ quark mass difference --- the latter drives $\pi^0-\eta,\eta'$ mixing and converts the isospin-perfect triangle relation between the $B\to \pi\pi$ amplitudes to a quadrilateral. The error incurred in $\sin 2\alpha$ through the neglect of the resulting isospin-violating effects can be significant, particularly if $\sin 2\alpha$ is small.