Winding Modes and Large Extra Dimensions

TL;DR

This paper reviews large extra dimensions in string theory, highlighting how winding modes of gauge bosons could be observable, offering new ways to test the size and shape of extra dimensions.

Contribution

It introduces the possibility of detecting winding modes of gauge bosons in anisotropic compactifications, expanding the experimental signatures beyond graviton KK modes.

Findings

KK graviton modes could be observed at colliders

Winding modes of gauge bosons may be detectable in anisotropic compactifications

New constraints on extra dimensions from winding mode observations

Abstract

We review briefly the main features of the Large Extra Dimensions scenario in the framework of weakly coupled Type I string theory. Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations of the graviton are expected, whereas no KK modes for the gauge bosons arise if the gauge group is tied to a D3-brane. In this scenario, typical signatures such as direct production of KK modes of the graviton at high-energy colliders could test the size of the compactified dimensions. We point out that contrary to what considered in the literature on the subject, in the general case of anisotropic compactification Winding Modes of the Standard Model gauge bosons could also be directly observable, thus further constraining the model.