Composite photon and W^\pm, Z^0 vector bosons from a top-condensation model at fixed v = 247 GeV

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that composite vector bosons similar to W, Z, and photon can emerge from a top-condensation model based on Fermi interactions, with implications for gauge invariance and particle mass generation.

Contribution

It shows the emergence of composite W, Z, and photon-like bosons from a top-condensation model derived from Fermi interactions, extending understanding of dynamical symmetry breaking.

Findings

Heavy quark bound states with W boson quantum numbers exist for any positive coupling.

A neutral Z^0-like composite boson appears with finite mass.

A massless photon-like composite boson emerges, decoupling from other particles.

Abstract

Starting from the historical Fermi four-fermion low-energy effective electroweak interactions Lagrangian for the third generation of quarks, augmented by an NJL type interaction responsible for dynamical symmetry breaking and heavy quark mass generation, and fixing the scalar (Higgs) field v.e.v. at v = 247 GeV, we show that: (1) heavy quark bound states Q\bar Q with quantum numbers of the W^\pm bosons exist for arbitrarily weak (positive) vector coupling G_F, so long as the quark mass is sufficiently large; (2) a massive composite neutral vector boson (Z^0) appears; (3) a massless composite parity-conserving neutral vector boson (\gamma) appears, the composite Higgs-Kibble ghosts decouple from the quarks and other particles, the longitudinal components of the vector boson propagators vanish, as G_F \to G_F^expt = 1/(\sqrt2 v^2), which also implies that the cutoff \Lambda \to \infty. Thus, the Fermi interaction model is equivalent to a locally gauge invariant theory but with definite values of coupling constants and masses. The model discussed here was chosen for illustrative purposes and is not equivalent to the Standard Model.