Stabilization of Embedded Defects by Plasma Effects

TL;DR

This paper explores how plasma effects at finite temperature can stabilize embedded defects in certain field theories, potentially impacting early Universe cosmology.

Contribution

It introduces a mechanism where plasma interactions stabilize otherwise unstable embedded defects, with applications to pion strings and electroweak Z-strings.

Findings

Plasma effects can stabilize embedded defects at finite temperature.

Embedded defects may be stable in the early Universe.

Potential cosmological implications of stabilized defects.

Abstract

In models in which some of the scalar field are charged and some uncharged, interactions with a finite temperature plasma will lead to corrections to the effective potential of the charged fields which may stabilize embedded defects made up of uncharged fields. In these models embedded defects, solutions of the field equations which are unstable at zero temperature, may thus be stable in the early Universe, and may then play an important role in cosmology. Two prototypical examples are the pion string in the theory of strong interactions, and the electroweak Z-string in the standard electroweak theory.