Second Loop Corrections from Superheavy Gauge Sector to Gauge Coupling Unification

TL;DR

This paper calculates two-loop corrections from hypothetical horizontal gauge bosons in extended Standard Models, showing these do not disrupt gauge coupling unification or the model's positive features.

Contribution

It provides a numerical analysis demonstrating that horizontal gauge boson couplings do not adversely affect gauge coupling unification in extended Standard Models.

Findings

Two-loop corrections from horizontal gauge bosons are numerically insignificant.

Horizontal gauge interactions do not impair gauge coupling unification.

Extended models retain positive features despite additional gauge interactions.

Abstract

We deal with extensions of the Standard Model by adding horizontal interactions between particle generations. We calculate two loop corrections caused by the presence of coupling between hypothetical horizontal gauge bosons and matter fields, both at low and high energy. It is proved numerically, that the coupling of such extra bosons does not affect the positive features of unified and extended standard models with horizontal symmetry discussed in former publications.