Remark on the vectorlike nature of the electromagnetism and the electric charge quantization

TL;DR

This paper explores the relationship between the structure of electromagnetic interactions and electric charge quantization within gauge theories, emphasizing the standard model and chiral bilepton models, and explaining their vectorlike nature.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the vectorlike nature of electromagnetism and charge quantization can be explained through anomaly cancellation and fermion masses in various electroweak models.

Findings

Electromagnetic interactions are strongly linked to charge quantization in the standard model.

Charge quantization and vectorlike nature are consistent with anomaly cancellation.

The analysis extends to all chiral bilepton models of electroweak interactions.

Abstract

In this work we study the structure of the electromagnetic interactions and the electric charge quantization in gauge theories of electroweak interactions based on semi-simple groups. We show that in the standard model of the electroweak interactions the structure of the electromagnetic interactions is strongly correlated to the quantization pattern of the electric charges. We examine these two questions also in all possible chiral bilepton gauge models of the electroweak interactions. In all they we can explain the vectorlike nature of the electromagnetic interactions and the electric charge quantization together demanding nonvanishing fermion masses and the anomaly cancellations.