Interpreted History Of Neutrino Theory Of Light And Its Future

TL;DR

This paper reviews the historical development of neutrino-based photon theories, discusses the challenges and no-go theorems, and explores a Fermi-Yang inspired model that could form composite photons without gauge invariance.

Contribution

It analyzes the evolution of neutrino-based photon theories, critiques previous models, and proposes a new composite particle approach inspired by Fermi-Yang that avoids gauge invariance issues.

Findings

Pryce's proof challenges composite photon models using fermions.

Berezinskii's assumptions imply composite photons are impossible under certain conditions.

A Fermi-Yang inspired model can produce photon-like particles without gauge invariance.

Abstract

De Broglie's original idea that a photon is composed of a neutrino-antineutrino pair bound by some interaction was severely modified by Jordan. Although Jordan addressed an important problem (photon statistics) that de Broglie had not considered, his modifications may have been detrimental to the development of a composite photon theory. His obsession with obtaining Bose statistics for the composite photon made it easy for Pryce to prove his theory untenable. Pryce also indicated that forming transversely-polarized photons from neutrino-antineutrino pairs was impossible, but others have shown that this is not a problem. Following Pryce, Berezinskii has proven that any composite photon theory (using fermions) is impossible if one accepts five assumptions. Thus, any successful composite theory must show which of Berezinskii's assumptions is not valid. A method of forming composite particles based on Fermi and Yang's model will be discussed. Such composite particles have properties similar to conventional photons. However, unlike the situation with conventional photon theory, Lorentz invariance can be satisfied without the need for gauge invariance or introducing non-physical photons.