# String Effects in the Wilson Loop: a high precision numerical test

## TL;DR

This paper provides a high-precision numerical test confirming that flux-tube fluctuations in 3d Z(2) lattice gauge theory are accurately described by an effective bosonic string theory in the infrared limit.

## Contribution

It offers a parameter-free numerical validation of the effective string description for the confining regime in lattice gauge theories.

## Key findings

- Flux-tube fluctuations match effective bosonic string predictions
- Ratios of Wilson loops confirm string theory in the infrared limit
- High-precision data supports the effective string model without adjustable parameters

## Abstract

We test numerically the effective string description of the infrared limit of lattice gauge theories in the confining regime. We consider the 3d Z(2) lattice gauge theory, and we define ratios of Wilson loops such that the predictions of the effective string theory do not contain any adjustable parameters. In this way we are able to obtain a degree of accuracy high enough to show unambiguously that the flux--tube fluctuations are described, in the infrared limit, by an effective bosonic string theory.