# Extended instantons generated on the lattice

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel lattice method to directly observe extended instantons without cooling or dislocations, enabling measurement of instanton properties in Abelian Higgs models and potentially in non-Abelian models.

## Contribution

A new lattice technique for directly detecting extended instantons without cooling, applicable to Abelian Higgs models and extendable to non-Abelian theories.

## Key findings

- Successfully observed extended instantons on the lattice.
- Able to extract instanton and anti-instanton densities.
- Measured instanton sizes using topological charge on sub-volumes.

## Abstract

We have been able to observe directly extended instantons on the lattice, with a new method that does not require dislocations to measure them, and where we do not perform cooling. We showed, based on the simple Abelian Higgs model in $1+1$ dim., that one can extract the instanton and anti-instanton density and their size, by measuring the topological charge, $Q_v$ , on sub-volumes $v$ larger than the instanton sizes, but smaller than the periodic lattice of size $V$. We are working on the generalization for non-abelian models.