# Studies on the Chiral Order Parameter in the Schwinger Model

## TL;DR

This paper analytically investigates the chiral order parameter in the lattice Schwinger model, demonstrating chiral symmetry breaking in the massless limit and providing calculations for the fermion condensate across couplings.

## Contribution

It introduces an analytical approach using a unitary transformation and variational method to study chiral symmetry breaking in the lattice Schwinger model.

## Key findings

- Chiral symmetry is broken in the massless limit.
- Fermion condensate is calculated for all couplings and masses.
- Good scaling behavior is observed.

## Abstract

Based on an analytical technique using a unitary transformation and the variational method, we study the chiral order parameter in the Schwinger model in the lattice formalism with Kogut-Susskind fermions. The fermion condensate $\langle {\bar\Psi} \Psi \rangle $ for any coupling constant and fermion mass are calculated. Chiral symmetry is shown to be broken in the massless limit and good scaling behavior is obtained.