TL;DR
This paper reviews recent lattice QCD results on topological phenomena, focusing on monopoles and instantons, their roles in confinement, and implications for the U(1) problem and proton spin.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive review of lattice evidence for monopole condensation, dual superconductivity, and instanton effects in QCD, highlighting new data and theoretical insights.
Findings
Evidence for monopole condensation and dual superconductivity in QCD vacuum
Monopole dominance in confinement mechanisms
New lattice data on instanton contributions to the U(1) problem and proton spin
Abstract
We review recent results from lattice on topological aspects of QCD: most of the results refer to monopoles and to instantons. We discuss in detail the evidence for condensation of monopoles in the vacuum and confinement of colour by dual superconductivity, and the major role of monopoles in dynamics (monopole dominance). As for instantons we review the problem, a possible determination of the spin content of the proton, and new lattice data relevant to instanton liquid models.
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