Monopole Currents in U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory: A Comparison to an Effective Model based on Dual Superconductivity

TL;DR

This paper compares U(1) lattice gauge theory to an effective dual superconductivity model, showing good agreement with a modified monopole current definition and analyzing flux tube properties.

Contribution

It introduces a modified definition of monopole currents in U(1) lattice gauge theory to better match an effective dual superconductivity model.

Findings

Good agreement achieved with the effective model using the modified monopole current definition.

String fluctuations are significant even at small distances.

The beta-dependence of the penetration depth and monopole condensate suppression are characterized.

Abstract

We compare U(1) lattice gauge theory to an effective model of Maxwell and London equations. In the effective model there is only one free parameter, the London penetration depth lambda. It turns out that one can get good agreement between both models if one modifies the usual definition of magnetic monopole currents in U(1) lattice gauge theory. This comparison also shows that already at small distances fluctuations of the occuring string are important. Further, we investigate the beta-dependence of the penetration depth and determine the suppression of the monopole condensate in flux tubes.