Colour confinement as dual Meissner effect: $SU(2)$ gauge theory

TL;DR

This paper shows that in $SU(2)$ gauge theory, confinement arises from dual superconductivity, with a phase transition at $T_c$ where monopole-related symmetry is restored, indicating a link between monopoles and confinement.

Contribution

It provides evidence that confinement in $SU(2)$ gauge theory is due to dual Meissner effect and characterizes the phase transition related to monopole symmetry.

Findings

Confinement is caused by dual superconductivity of the vacuum.

Monopole-related $U(1)$ symmetry is spontaneously broken below $T_c$.

Symmetry is restored above $T_c$, indicating a phase transition.

Abstract

We demonstrate that confinement in $SU(2)$ gauge theory is produced by dual superconductivity of the vacuum. We show that for $T < T_c$ (temperature of deconfining phase transition) the $U(1)$ symmetry related to monopole charge conservation is spontaneously broken; for $T > T_c$ the symmetry is restored.