Topological structures and phases in U(1) gauge theory
W. Kerler, C. Rebbi, A. Weber
TL;DR
This paper investigates the topological features of U(1) gauge theory, demonstrating how minimal Dirac sheets and current lines can distinctly identify different phases using a simulated-annealing method.
Contribution
It introduces a reliable way to identify topological phases in U(1) gauge theory through minimal Dirac sheets and current lines, utilizing simulated annealing.
Findings
Topological properties characterize phases unambiguously.
Minimal Dirac sheets can be reliably obtained.
Simulated annealing effectively identifies topological structures.
Abstract
We show that topological properties of minimal Dirac sheets as well as of currents lines characterize the phases unambiguously. We obtain the minimal sheets reliably by a suitable simulated-annealing procedure.
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