Complex-Temperature Singularities in the $d=2$ Ising Model. II. Triangular Lattice

TL;DR

This paper analyzes complex-temperature singularities in the 2D Ising model on a triangular lattice, refining critical exponents and exploring the nature of singularities at specific points in the complex plane.

Contribution

It extends previous low-temperature series analysis using differential approximants to better understand singularities and critical exponents in the complex-temperature plane.

Findings

Confirmed the exponent $eta_e=-1/8$ at $u=-1/3$

Refined the estimate of the amplitude at the singularity

Identified the divergence of specific heat with exponent $ ext{1}$ at $u=-1/3"

Abstract

We investigate complex-temperature singularities in the Ising model on the triangular lattice. Extending an earlier analysis of the low-temperature series expansions for the (zero-field) susceptibility $\bar\chi$ by Guttmann \cite{g75} to include the use of differential approximants, we obtain further evidence in support of his conclusion that the exponent describing the divergence in $\chi$ at $u=u_e=-1/3$ (where $u = e^{-4K}$) is $\gamma_e'=5/4$ and refine his estimate of the critical amplitude. We discuss the remarkable nature of this singularity, at which the spontaneous magnetisation diverges (with exponent $\beta_e=-1/8$) and show that it lies at the endpoint of a singular line segment constituting part of the natural boundaries of the free energy in the complex $u$ plane. Using exact results, we find that the specific heat has a divergent singularity at $u=-1/3$ with exponent $\alpha_e'=1$, so that the relation $\alpha_e'+2\beta_e+\gamma_e'=2$ is satisfied. We also study the singularity at $u=u_s=-1$, where $M$ vanishes (with $\beta_s=3/8$) and $C$ diverges logarithmically (with $\alpha_s' = \alpha_s = 0$).