Topography of the cooled $\cal{O}(3)$ vacuum

TL;DR

This paper explores the detailed structure of the  vacuum in lattice gauge theory after cooling, using different definitions of topological charge density, and presents the results visually.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of the topography of the  vacuum with various cooling levels and definitions, enhancing understanding of topological structures.

Findings

Visual representations of topological charge distributions

Comparison of different topological charge definitions

Insights into vacuum structure after cooling

Abstract

We investigate the {\it topography\/} of the \o3 vacuum after various degrees of under-relaxed cooling, using the na\"{\i}ve action density and geometric and field theoretical definitions of the topological charge density. The results are presented graphically. (This is a cutdown version of the full paper which is available via anonymous ftp to suna.amtp.liv.ac.uk in /pub/pss/. The figures missing from this version are available from the same site.)