The (dual) Meissner effect in SU(2) and SU(3) QCD

TL;DR

This paper investigates the dual Meissner effect in SU(2) and SU(3) QCD by measuring abelian electric flux and monopole currents, revealing confinement phases akin to borderline type-1 and type-2 dual superconductors.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed measurement of the dual Meissner effect in SU(2) and SU(3) QCD using abelian projection and maximally abelian gauge.

Findings

Dual Meissner effect observed clearly in both SU(2) and SU(3) QCD.

Confinement vacua are near the border between type-1 and type-2 dual superconductors.

Abelian electric flux and monopole currents distribution supports dual superconductor model.

Abstract

After making an abelian projection in the maximally abelian gauge, we measure the distribution of abelian electric flux and monopole currents around an abelian Wilson loop in $SU(2)$ and $SU(3)$ QCD. The (dual) Meissner effect is observed clearly. The vacua in the confinement phases of $SU(2)$ and $SU(3)$ are both at around the border between type-1 and type-2 (dual) superconductor.