Effects of the anomaly on the QCD chiral phase transition

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the U(1) anomaly affects the nature of the two-flavor QCD chiral phase transition using a lattice model with staggered fermions and an efficient algorithm, revealing a change from first to second order.

Contribution

It introduces a lattice model that captures the effects of the U(1) anomaly on the QCD chiral phase transition and demonstrates the transition's change in order due to the anomaly.

Findings

Chiral transition is first order without anomaly.

Transition becomes second order with O(4) exponents when anomaly is included.

Developed an efficient directed loop algorithm for the model.

Abstract

We study a lattice field theory described by two flavors of massless staggered fermions interacting with U(1) gauge fields in the strong coupling limit. We show that the lattice model has a $SU(2)\times SU(2)\times U(1)$ chiral symmetry and can be used to model the two-flavor QCD chiral phase transition in the absence of the anomaly. It is also possible to add a coupling to this model which breaks the chiral symmetry to $SU(2)\times SU(2)$ and thus mimics the effects of the anomaly in two-flavor QCD. We construct an efficient directed loop algorithm to study such a model. We show that the chiral phase transition in our model is first order in the absence of the anomaly, while it becomes second order with O(4) exponents when the anomaly is turned on.