Confinement from Gauge Invariance in 2+1 Dimensions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in 2+1 dimensions, imposing non-abelian gauge invariance on an abelian gauge theory's ground state leads to confinement, highlighting a gauge invariance-based mechanism for confinement.

Contribution

It reveals that non-abelian gauge invariance alone can induce confinement in abelian theories in 2+1 dimensions, offering a new perspective on confinement mechanisms.

Findings

Imposing non-abelian gauge invariance results in a confining state.

Confinement arises from gauge invariance constraints, not from matter content.

The approach applies specifically to 2+1 dimensional theories.

Abstract

It is shown, in D=2+1 dimensions, that by merely imposing non-abelian gauge invariance on the temporal gauge ground state wavefunctional of an abelian gauge theory, a confining state is obtained.