$Z_6$ symmetry, electroweak transition, and magnetic monopoles at high temperature

TL;DR

This paper explores a lattice version of the Standard Model with a $Z_6$ symmetry at high temperatures, revealing a unique phase diagram and evidence of monopole condensation related to the electroweak transition.

Contribution

It introduces a novel lattice realization of the Standard Model with $Z_6$ symmetry and investigates its phase structure at finite temperature, highlighting monopole behavior.

Findings

Confinement-deconfinement transitions for SU(2) and SU(3) coincide.

The phase diagram differs from the usual Standard Model lattice realization.

Evidence of monopole condensation above the critical temperature.

Abstract

We consider the lattice realization of the Standard Model with an additional $Z_6$ symmetry. Numerical simulations were performed on the asymmetric lattice, which corresponds to the finite temperature theory. Our choice of parameters corresponds to large Higgs masses ($M_H > 90$ Gev). The phase diagram was investigated and has been found to be different from that of the usual lattice realization of the Standard Model. It has been found, that the confinement-deconfinement phase transition lines for the SU(2) and SU(3) fields coincide. The transition line between Higgs and symmetric deconfinement parts of the phase diagram and the confinement-deconfinement transition line meet in a triple point. The transition between Higgs and symmetric parts of the phase diagram corresponds to the finite temperature electroweak transition/crossover. We see for the first time evidence that Nambu monopoles are condensed at $T>T_c$ while at $T<T_c$ their condensate vanishes.