Monopole-Antimonopole Correlation Functions in 4D U(1) Gauge Theory

TL;DR

This paper investigates the correlation functions of a modified order parameter in 4D U(1) lattice gauge theory, revealing a particle decay consistent with gaugeball mass and providing numerical validation of a theoretical Hilbert space structure.

Contribution

It introduces a new order parameter for the confined phase and demonstrates its effectiveness in extracting gaugeball masses with high signal-to-noise ratio.

Findings

The long-distance behavior is governed by a single particle decay.

The particle mass matches previous gaugeball mass calculations.

The order parameter enables efficient mass extraction with low statistics.

Abstract

We study the two-point correlator of a modified Confined-Coulomb transition order parameter in four dimensional compact U(1) lattice gauge theory with Wilson action. Its long distance behavior in the confined phase turns out to be governed by a single particle decay. The mass of this particle is computed and found to be in agreement with previous calculations of the 0^{++} gaugeball mass. Remarkably, our order parameter allows to extract a good signal to noise ratio for masses with low statistics. The results we present provide a numerical check of a theorem about the structure of the Hilbert space describing the confined phase of four dimensional compact U(1) lattice gauge theories.