Variational method for lattice spectroscopy with ghosts
Tommy Burch, Christof Gattringer, Leonid Ya. Glozman, Christian Hagen,, C.B. Lang

TL;DR
This paper explores the variational method in lattice spectroscopy, focusing on separating ghost contributions from physical states in simulations, and demonstrates the approach with scalar meson data.
Contribution
It introduces a technique to distinguish ghost states from physical states in lattice spectroscopy using the variational method.
Findings
Ghost contributions can be effectively separated from physical states.
The method is validated with numerical data for scalar mesons.
Ghost effects have a non-standard Euclidean time dependence.
Abstract
We discuss the variational method used in lattice spectroscopy calculations. In particular we address the role of ghost contributions which appear in quenched or partially quenched simulations and have a non-standard euclidean time dependence. We show that the ghosts can be separated from the physical states. Our result is illustrated with numerical data for the scalar meson.
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