Gauge invariance of the Abelian dual Meissner effect in pure SU(2) QCD

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates gauge-invariant numerical evidence of the dual Meissner effect in pure SU(2) QCD, showing the squeezing of electric fields due to monopole-like currents, and explores the vacuum's superconducting type.

Contribution

It provides the first gauge-invariant lattice simulation evidence of the dual Meissner effect in SU(2) QCD, linking monopole-like quantities to confinement.

Findings

Electric field squeezing observed between quark-antiquark pairs.

Vacuum appears near the border between type 1 and type 2 dual superconductors.

Numerical results support gauge-invariant description of confinement mechanism.

Abstract

The dual Meissner effect is described and numerically observed in a gauge-invariant way in lattice Monte-Carlo simulations in pure SU(2) QCD. The squeezing of the non-Abelian electric field between a pair of static quark and anti-quark occurs due to the solenoidal current coming from the gauge-invariant monopole-like quantity. Preliminary results are obtained with respect to the vacuum type of the confinement phase. The SU(2) QCD vacuum seems near the border between the type 1 and the type 2 dual superconductors. The theoretical background of this idea is published in another report \cite{Suzuki:2005lat051}. Here we show numerical results in this note.