True or Fictitious Flattening? -MEM and the $\theta$ Term-

TL;DR

This paper investigates the effectiveness of the maximum entropy method in detecting true phase structure in lattice field theories with a theta term, focusing on the sign problem and free energy flattening.

Contribution

It demonstrates the application of MEM to models with genuine flattening of $f(\theta)$, testing its ability to identify non-trivial phase structures.

Findings

MEM can distinguish true flattening from fictitious effects

The study confirms MEM's potential in analyzing sign problem-related phenomena

Application to models with known flattening validates the method's effectiveness

Abstract

We study the sign problem in lattice field theory with a $\theta$ term. We apply the maximum entropy method (MEM) to flattening phenomenon of the free energy density $f(\theta)$, which originates from the sign problem. In our previous paper, we applied the MEM by employing the Gaussian topological charge distribution $P(Q)$ as mock data. In the present paper, we consider models in which `true' flattening of $f(\theta)$ occurs. These may be regarded as good examples for studying whether the MEM could correctly detect non trivial phase structure.