Properties of the deconfining phase transition in SU(N) gauge theories

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties of the deconfining phase transition in SU(N) gauge theories, focusing on the large N limit, and provides detailed calculations of latent heat, string tensions, and phase transition order.

Contribution

It extends previous work by analyzing the large N behavior of the deconfinement transition, including latent heat, string tensions, and the nature of the phase transition, with new continuum limit calculations.

Findings

Latent heat scales quadratically with N at large N.

Phase transition becomes robustly first order for N>3.

k-string tensions satisfy Casimir Scaling and deconfine simultaneously.

Abstract

We extend our earlier investigation of the finite temperature deconfinement transition in SU(N) gauge theories, with the emphasis on what happens as N->oo. We calculate the latent heat in the continuum limit, and find the expected quadratic in N behaviour at large N. We confirm that the phase transition, which is second order for SU(2) and weakly first order for SU(3), becomes robustly first order for N>3 and strengthens as N increases. As an aside, we explain why the SU(2) specific heat shows no sign of any peak as T is varied across what is supposedly a second order phase transition. We calculate the effective string tension and electric gluon masses at T=Tc confirming the discontinuous nature of the transition for N>2. We explicitly show that the large-N `spatial' string tension does not vary with T for T<Tc and that it is discontinuous at T=Tc. For T>Tc it increases as T-squared to a good approximation, and the k-string tension ratios closely satisfy Casimir Scaling. Within very small errors, we find a single Tc at which all the k-strings deconfine, i.e. a step-by-step breaking of the relevant centre symmetry does not occur. We calculate the interface tension but are unable to distinguish between linear or quadratic in N variations, each of which can lead to a striking but different N=oo deconfinement scenario. We remark on the location of the bulk phase transition, which bounds the range of our large-N calculations on the strong coupling side, and within whose hysteresis some of our larger-N calculations are performed.