Generation of confinement and other nonperturbative effects by infrared gluonic degrees of freedom

TL;DR

This paper reviews how infrared gluonic degrees of freedom contribute to confinement and nonperturbative effects in QCD, highlighting models like vortices, monopoles, and instantons, supported by lattice studies.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of different models and mechanisms explaining confinement through infrared gluonic degrees of freedom in QCD.

Findings

Infrared gluonic degrees of freedom are crucial for confinement.

Models based on vortices, monopoles, and instantons offer complementary insights.

Lattice studies support the relevance of these degrees of freedom.

Abstract

Recent progress in understanding the emergence of confinement and other nonperturbative effects in the strong interaction vacuum is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the role of different types of collective infrared gluonic degrees of freedom in this respect. After a survey of complementary approaches, models of the QCD vacuum based on center vortices, Abelian magnetic monopoles and topological charge lumps such as instantons, merons and calorons are examined. Both the physical mechanisms governing these models as well as recent lattice studies of the respective degrees of freedom are reviewed.