The long range properties of the compact U(1) lattice gauge theory with the multi-level algorithm

TL;DR

This paper investigates the long-range properties of the 4D compact U(1) lattice gauge theory in the confinement phase using a multi-level algorithm, focusing on the static potential, flux-tube profile, and universality aspects.

Contribution

It applies the multi-level algorithm to precisely measure the static potential, flux-tube profile, and examines the universality of the Luescher term in the U(1) lattice gauge theory.

Findings

Confirmed the universality of the Luescher term coefficient.

Measured the flux-tube width with high precision.

Provided detailed static potential and force data.

Abstract

The 4D compact U(1) lattice gauge theory (LGT) in the confinement phase is studied with the multi-level algorithm. The static potential, force and flux-tube profile between two static charges are precisely measured from correlation functions involving the Polyakov loop. Universality of the coefficient of the 1/r correction to the static potential, known as the Luescher term, and the transversal width of the flux-tube profile are investigated.