Comparing matrix models and QCD lattice data with chemical potential

TL;DR

This paper compares lattice QCD data with matrix model predictions for the Dirac spectrum at non-zero chemical potential, confirming different scaling behaviors in weakly and strongly nonhermitian regimes.

Contribution

It provides a detailed quantitative comparison between lattice QCD results and matrix models, validating theoretical predictions for the Dirac spectrum under chemical potential.

Findings

Confirmation of two distinct limits for Dirac operators

Good agreement between lattice data and matrix models in both regimes

Validation of different volume scaling behaviors

Abstract

We present a quantitative analysis of the microscopic Dirac spectrum which is complex in the presence of a non-vanishing quark chemical potential. Data from quenched SU(3) lattice simulations for different volumes V and small values of the chemical potential are compared to analytical predictions from matrix models. We confirm the existence of two distinct limits for weakly and strongly nonhermitian Dirac operators. Good agreement is found in both limits, confirming the different scaling of chemical potential and eigenvalues with the volume.