Calorons and fermion zero-modes

TL;DR

This paper explores caloron solutions in SU(n) gauge theory, focusing on their monopole constituents and fermion zero-modes, with implications for lattice studies and instanton size distribution.

Contribution

It presents recent findings on caloron solutions with non-trivial Polyakov loops and their fermion zero-modes, highlighting the role of monopole constituents.

Findings

Calorons dissolve into n monopole constituents at large instanton scales.

Fermion zero-modes are localized on monopole constituents.

Implications for lattice studies and instanton size distribution are discussed.

Abstract

Calorons in the confined phase for SU(n) gauge theory, having a non-trivial Polyakov loop, "dissolve" in n monopole constituents for large enough instanton scale parameters. We discuss recent results for these caloron solutions and their fermion zero-modes, as well as the implications for lattice studies and comment on the possible influence of the constituent monopoles on the instanton size distribution.