Hamiltonian Study of Improved $U(1$ Lattice Gauge Theory in Three Dimensions

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the improved U(1) lattice gauge theory in three dimensions using Monte Carlo methods, demonstrating reduced discretization errors, better rotational symmetry, and accurate scaling behavior towards the continuum limit.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive Hamiltonian analysis of the Symanzik improved anisotropic U(1) lattice gauge theory, showing enhanced accuracy and convergence compared to unimproved actions.

Findings

Reduced discretization errors in static potential and anisotropy renormalization

Faster convergence to the continuum limit with the improved action

Glueball mass ratio approaches 2 in the continuum, confirming theoretical expectations

Abstract

A comprehensive analysis of the Symanzik improved anisotropic three-dimensional U(1) lattice gauge theory in the Hamiltonian limit is made. Monte Carlo techniques are used to obtain numerical results for the static potential, ratio of the renormalized and bare anisotropies, the string tension, lowest glueball masses and the mass ratio. Evidence that rotational symmetry is established more accurately for the Symanzik improved anisotropic action is presented. The discretization errors in the static potential and the renormalization of the bare anisotropy are found to be only a few percent compared to errors of about 20-25% for the unimproved gauge action. Evidence of scaling in the string tension, antisymmetric mass gap and the mass ratio is observed in the weak coupling region and the behaviour is tested against analytic and numerical results obtained in various other Hamiltonian studies of the theory. We find that more accurate determination of the scaling coefficients of the string tension and the antisymmetric mass gap has been achieved, and the agreement with various other Hamiltonian studies of the theory is excellent. The improved action is found to give faster convergence to the continuum limit. Very clear evidence is obtained that in the continuum limit the glueball ratio $M_{S}/M_{A}$ approaches exactly 2, as expected in a theory of free, massive bosons.