Percolating cluster of center vortices and confinement

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that percolating clusters of center vortices are crucial for confinement in 3D Ising gauge theory, with numerical evidence showing their removal destroys confinement and encodes string fluctuations.

Contribution

It provides numerical evidence linking percolating center vortex clusters to confinement and string properties in gauge theories, highlighting their fundamental role.

Findings

Percolating vortex clusters are essential for confinement.

Removing these clusters eliminates confinement.

String fluctuations are encoded in the percolating cluster.

Abstract

We study the role of percolating clusters of center vortices in configurations of an Ising gauge theory in 3D. It is known that low energy features of gauge theories can be described in terms of an ``effective string picture'', and that confinement properties are associated with topologically non-trivial configurations. We focus our attention upon percolating clusters of center vortices, and present numerical evidence for the fact that these objects play a preminent role in confinement phenomenon, since their removal sweeps off confinement altogether. Moreover, numerical simulations show that the string fluctuations, and in particular the Luescher term, are completely encoded in the percolating cluster.