Monopoles, confinement and deconfinement of (2+1)D compact lattice QED in external fields

TL;DR

This study investigates how external electromagnetic fields affect the confinement and deconfinement phases in a (2+1)D compact lattice QED model, finding that external fields do not alter the deconfinement transition but influence internal field screening.

Contribution

It demonstrates that external electromagnetic fields do not impact the deconfinement transition in (2+1)D compact lattice QED and reveals how internal fields are screened in the confinement phase.

Findings

Deconfinement transition is unaffected by external fields.

External fields generate small magnetic dipoles that do not influence confinement.

Screening of internal fields increases as temperature decreases.

Abstract

The compact Abelian model in three space--time dimensions is studied in the presence of external electromagnetic fields at finite temperatures. We show that the deconfinement phase transition is independent on the strength of the external fields. This result is in agreement with our observation that the external fields create small--size magnetic dipoles from the vacuum which do not influence the confining properties of the model. Contrary to the deconfinement phase, the internal field in the direction of the applied external field is attenuated in the confinement phase, this screening becomes stronger with decreasing temperature.