Determination of the strange form factors of the nucleon from $\nu p$, $\bar{\nu} p$, and parity-violating $\vec{e}p$ elastic scattering

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel method combining neutrino and parity-violating electron scattering data to extract all three strange form factors of the nucleon, providing insights into strange quark contributions to nucleon structure.

Contribution

The paper presents a new approach that combines neutrino and electron scattering data to determine the nucleon's strange form factors at specific momentum transfers.

Findings

Extracted strange form factors at Q^2=0.5 GeV^2

Provided two solutions for the strange form factors

Demonstrated the method's applicability for 0.45-1.05 GeV^2

Abstract

A new method of obtaining the strange form factors of the nucleon is presented, in which forward-angle parity-violating $\vec{e}p$ elastic scattering data is combined with $\nu p$ and $\bar{\nu} p$ elastic scattering data. The axial form factor in electron-nucleon scattering is complicated by the presence of electro-weak radiative corrections that in principle need to be calculated or separately measured, but this axial form factor is suppressed at forward angles. The neutrino data has no such complication. Hence the use of forward-angle parity-violating $\vec{e}p$ data with $\nu p$ and $\bar{\nu} p$ data allows the extraction of all three strange form factors: electric, magnetic and axial ($G_E^s$, $G_M^s$, and $G_A^s$). In this letter, $\nu p$ and $\bar{\nu} p$ data from the Brookhaven E734 experiment are combined with the Jefferson Lab HAPPEX $\vec{e}p$ data to obtain two distinct solutions for the strange form factors at $Q^2$ = 0.5 GeV$^2$. More generally, combining the neutrino elastic scattering data from E734 with the existing and upcoming $\vec{e}p$ data will yield the strange form factors of the nucleon for $Q^2$ of 0.45-1.05 GeV$^2$. Measurement of $G_A^s$ is crucial to the determination of the strange quark contribution to the nucleon spin, $\Delta s$.