A Cicerone for the Physics of Charm

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of charm physics, including experimental methods, theoretical tools, spectroscopy, decay processes, oscillations, and CP violation, emphasizing future potential for discovering New Physics.

Contribution

It offers a detailed, pedagogical review of charm dynamics, integrating experimental and theoretical perspectives, and highlights the importance of future studies in uncovering New Physics.

Findings

Recent experimental sensitivity enables potential discovery of CP violation.

Analysis of charm hadron spectroscopy and decay processes.

Discussion of charm's role in quark-gluon plasma and New Physics.

Abstract

After briefly recapitulating the history of the charm quantum number we sketch the experimental environments and instruments employed to study the behaviour of charm hadrons and then describe the theoretical tools for treating charm dynamics. We discuss a wide range of inclusive production processes before analyzing the spectroscopy of hadrons with hidden and open charm and the weak lifetimes of charm mesons and baryons. Then we address leptonic, exclusive semileptonic and nonleptonic charm decays. Finally we treat $D^0 - \bar D^0$ oscillations and CP (and CPT) violation before concluding with some comments on charm and the quark-gluon plasma. We will make the case that future studies of charm dynamics -- in particular of CP violation -- can reveal the presence of New Physics. The experimental sensitivity has only recently reached a level where this could reasonably happen, yet only as the result of dedicated efforts. This review is meant to be both a pedagogical introduction for the young scholar and a useful reference for the experienced researcher. We aim for a self-contained description of the fundamental features while providing a guide through the literature for more technical issues.