Study of Radiation Damage in Lead Tungstate Crystals Using Intense High Energy Beams
V. Batarin, T. Brennan, J. Butler, H. Cheung, V. Datsko, A. Davidenko,, A. Derevschikov, R. Dzhelyadin, Y. Fomin, V. Frolov, Y. Goncharenko, V., Grishin, V. Kachanov, V. Khodyrev, K. Khroustalev, A. Konoplyannikov, A., Konstantinov, V. Kravtsov, Y. Kubota, V. Leontiev
TL;DR
This study investigates how intense high-energy beams and mixed radiation environments affect the light output of lead tungstate crystals, crucial for their use in high-energy physics detectors.
Contribution
It provides experimental data on radiation damage effects on lead tungstate crystals from various radiation sources and manufacturing locations.
Findings
Radiation reduces light output of crystals.
Different radiation types have varying damage effects.
Manufacturing location influences radiation resistance.
Abstract
We report on the effects of radiation on the light output of lead tungstate crystals. The crystals were irradiated by pure, intense high energy electron and hadron beams as well as by a mixture of hadrons, neutrons and gammas. The crystals were manufactured in Bogoroditsk, Apatity (both Russia), and Shanghai (China). These studies were carried out at the 70-GeV proton accelerator in Protvino.
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