Performance of the OPAL Si-W luminometer at LEP I-II

TL;DR

This paper reviews the performance of the OPAL Si-W luminometer at LEP I-II, highlighting its high precision in measuring luminosity through Bhabha scattering detection over eight years of operation.

Contribution

It presents detailed performance metrics and calibration techniques of a silicon-tungsten calorimeter used for luminosity measurement at LEP, demonstrating minimal systematic errors.

Findings

Achieved a systematic error of 3.4 x 10^-4 on luminosity measurement.

Measured shower positions with 130-170 micron resolution.

Maintained detector performance from LEP-I to LEP-II energies.

Abstract

A pair of compact Silicon-Tungsten calorimeters was operated in the OPAL experiment at LEP to measure the integrated luminosity from detection of Bhabha electrons scattered at angles between 25 and 58 mrad from the beam line. In the eight years from 1993 to 2000 the detector worked first at the Z mass peak and then at center of mass energies up to 209 GeV. The fine radial and longitudinal segmentation (2.5mm x 1X0) allowed the radial position of electron and photon showers to be measured with a resolution of 130-170 microns and a residual radial bias as small as 7 microns. Reducing the bias in the definition of the inner acceptance radius was the key element in obtaining an experimental systematic error on the integrated luminosity of only 3.4 10^-4. The performance of the detector at both LEP-I and LEP-II is reviewed. Energy resolution, sensitivity to overlapping electromagnetic showers and sensitivity to minimum ionizing particles are discussed.