Evidence for hadronic deconfinement in $\bar{p}$-p collisions at 1.8 TeV

TL;DR

This paper presents evidence for hadronic deconfinement in proton-antiproton collisions at 1.8 TeV, measuring deconfined volumes, temperature, and energy density, indicating a transition to quark-gluon plasma.

Contribution

It provides direct measurements of deconfined hadronic volumes and energy densities in high-energy collisions, supporting the existence of hadronic deconfinement at TeV energies.

Findings

Deconfined hadronic volumes range from 4.4 to 13.0 fm^3.

Hadronization temperature is approximately 180 MeV.

Energy density at hadronization is about 1.10 GeV/fm^3.

Abstract

We have measured deconfined hadronic volumes, $4.4 < V < 13.0$ fm$^{3}$, produced by a one dimensional (1D) expansion. These volumes are directly proportional to the charged particle pseudorapidity densities $6.75 < dN_{c}/d\eta < 20.2$. The hadronization temperature is $T = 179.5 \pm 5$ (syst) MeV. Using Bjorken's 1D model,the hadronization energy density is $\epsilon_{F} = 1.10 \pm 0.26$ (stat) GeV/fm$^{3}$ corresponding to an excitation of $24.8 \pm 6.2$ (stat) quark-gluon degrees of freedom.